Game Tom Clancy's Splinter Cell: Chaos Theory (for brevity a name of the ideological inspirer of a series of Volume Kle`nsi in the further we shall constantly not mention) is so-called stels-e`kshen from the third party, developed and published by company Ubisoft. Chaos Theory is already the third game of serial Splinter Cell based on histories of Volume Kle`nsi. In game Sema Fisher's actions (Sam Fisher), the agent working on branch NSA, named " Third Echelon " are described. Initially game has been announced to an output in the end of 2004, but has left only in March, 20 in versions for the personal computer and all desktop consoles of the last generation: Microsoft Xbox, Sony PlayStation and Nintendo GameCube (not including versions for pocket consoles Nintendo DS and Nokia smallest notebook laptop N-Gage).
It would seem - to do what for clause on such old game as there was its following part? I have arguments in favour of this decision. First, game at the moment of an output has been so advanced technologically, that till now remains to one of those games which under the applied decisions are the most technological 3D games. Secondly, it will be more interesting to that to do after a while (and to read, I hope) the review of a following part - Double Agent, having compared two games of a serial divided on one and a half years on time of release. Well and thirdly, work above the review has begun long before an output smallest notebook laptop of last part of game, but for the different reasons was late.
In Splinter Cell: Chaos Theory it is applied much altered and modified in Ubisoft cursor Unreal Engine 2.5, this updating has received internal name SCX Engine. Levels in game are executed in the form of the closed and open spaces of the average size. Meet as a room and corridors, and not so the greater open spaces. For rendering shadows by a cursor cards of shadows are used, including by means of is hardware the accelerated textural formats. The graphic part in Chaos Theory, in comparison with Pandora Tomorrow, has undergone set of changes, basic of which surfaces, application parallax mapping, algorithm of mitigation of borders of shadows and opportunity HDR of rendering are imposing cards of smallest notebook laptop normals on all. New renderer uses the unified model popiksel'nogo illumination Blinna-Fonga, each counted light source gives diffuznuyu and spekulyarnuyu components on all surfaces. Game differs from the previous games of a series by that on all surfaces textural layers, including imposing of cards of normals are used some, and the simple version is applied to rendering some materials parallax mapping. Game offers a variety of filters of postprocessing: bloom, blur, motion blur, distortion, noise and complex filters for imitation of night vision and other special adaptations.
Release of game (version 1.02, without installation of patches) contains piksel'ny'e and topmost sheydery' versions 1. and 3.0. SHeyderov versions 1. more, than 3.0, basically they are applied, but the most complex work is given to smallest notebook laptop the last. The longest topmost sheydery' versions 3. consist of 150-2 commands, their complexity average to modern measures. And here piksel'ny'e programs of version 3. can be estimated as complex, branching is applied, conditional transitions, contain some of programs more than 2 instructions (till 15- textural and 150-2 mathematical), that for the beginning 20 very seriously. SHeydery' in game mitigations of borders of shadows, imposings of cards of normals, parallaksmappinga are used for calculation of illumination from several light sources, used in algorithms of a postfiltration.
By graphic cursor of game are used sheyderny'e the programs written on HLSL, but in advance compiled. And, in the first version of game there was a choice only between sheyderami versions 1. and 3.0, without any intermediate values (1.4, 2.0, 2.x), and only in the subsequent patches have added a way for videocards with support SM 2.0. On test system with videocard GeForce 78 smallest notebook laptop GTX, supporting Shader Model 3.0, are applied topmost sheydery' versions 1. and 3. and piksel'ny'e sheydery' versions 1. and 3.0. In piksel'ny'h sheyderah versions 3. are made optimization in the form of calculations with the lowered accuracy (partial precision), but not in all programs, and only in the most complex. These are useful to optimization almost to all modern videocards NVIDIA, since GeForce FX 52 and finishing GeForce 79 GX2, for GeForce 88 they already give nothing.
The volume of geometry processable by a cursor of game within the limits of one staff in typical conditions and on the maximal adjustments, has appeared below the average level for modern 3D games. The quantity of ranges in the staff changes smallest notebook laptop from 200 up to 2500 ranges on the staff, in rare cases reaching number in 3000 processable triangles. Complexity of geometry at different levels differs not too strongly, but nevertheless differs, there are levels from 500 average triangles on the staff, and is - with 120000. The average quantity of processable triangles in the staff on the maximal adjustments on all game makes approximately ranges.
Game Splinter Cell: Chaos Theory does not show greater requirements to volume of videomemory, in the sanction 1024x7 with included HDR rendering and the greatest possible adjustments of quality, game uses only 40- mbyte of videomemory, depending on a game level, that to modern measures it is not enough. Average use of videomemory in the test sanction 1024x7 with included mul'tise`mplingom makes Mb, that is game has enough videomemory even on low-end videocards at any adjustments without inclusion antialiasinga (with smallest notebook laptop MSAA 4x use of memory increases up to 100-110, that too is not enough). And the volume of local videomemory in 1 mbyte is sufficient for any adjustments in this game, that strongly distinguishes Chaos Theory from the majority of modern games. Probably, it is that consequence, that game was developed, including for the consoles of the last generation strongly limited on memory sizes. On the personal computer it would be possible to use structures and cards of shadows of higher sanction.
Game is protected by well-known protection against copying StarForce on which there are many censures from players. Well and for our review application of this protection means, that the analysis of productivity and other researches are seriously complicated, as the game protected StarForce, does not allow to start itself from under the same Microsoft PIX for Windows. It was necessary to manage other methods, to use own smallest notebook laptop utility for removal of data from counters of productivity NVIDIA and DX-Tweaker for the analysis piksel'ny'h and topmost sheyderov.
As it is usual, data of counters on several levels of game have been collected. The received figures show, that at the maximal adjustments and the sanction 1024x7 videochip GeForce 78 GTX stood idle (on the counter gpu_idle) on the average about 8- % of time, and, value strongly depends on a level, there are cases about % of idle time when productivity almost is completely limited by the videochip, and there are levels from % of idle time GPU. Complexity and quantity piksel'ny'h sheyderov are rather great, value pixel_shader_busy averages about %, smallest notebook laptop there are levels from %, and is - from % that is a lot of. Average use of blocks topmost sheyderov (the counter vertex_shader_busy) is traditional for modern games is extremely insignificant - only %, with small disorder on levels. Once again we see low efficiency of use of topmost processors. The average share of a waiting time blocks piksel'ny'h sheyderov samples of data of structures (the counter shader_waits_for_texture) - 17- %, and a share of expectation of the termination of operations of record in freymbufer (shader_waits_for_rop) - only 10- %, affects disconnected mul'tise`mpling at HDR the rendering, not supported by a test videocard for FP freymbufera. Last figures speak about a small emphasis in speed of textural sample, probably, because of a filtration of cards of shadows, first of all. And also about rather small losses of time for expectation of the termination of operation smallest notebook laptop with freymbuferom.
As it is usual, we investigated also influence of some adjustments of game on average indices of counters of productivity NVIDIA, having reduced data of several experiences in the general table:
This time I have decided to specify and the received average frequency of the staff that it was visible, change of adjustments of game how much strongly affects productivity. Naturally, maximal influence on speed has rendered switching-off HDR of rendering and use sheyderov to version 1.1. Interestingly and that productivity of game in mode HDR of rendering without antialiasinga is approximately equal to speed a mode with MSAA 4x, but with the disconnected rendering the raised dynamic range. The sanction of cards of shadows and calculation strongly influence productivity blikovoy a component. And here smallest notebook laptop influence included parallax mapping is insignificant, relative simplicity of the applied algorithm affects. Also we mark, that hardware acceleration of cards of shadows positively affects speed.
Average values of the counter gpu_idle strongly differ only for modes SM 1.1, and also with disconnected HDR rendering and calculation blikovoy a component. Loading of the videochip in such conditions decreases. Slightly influence on gpu_idle and some other adjustments. On value vertex_shader_busy adjustments considered by us do not render almost any influence, except for SM 1. modes in which loading increases for topmost blocks. Value pixel_shader_busy decreases in modes with disconnected by algorithm of mitigation of shadows and calculation blikovoy a component, and also with switching-off parallaksmappinga a little. Loading on these blocks decreases in modes SM 1. and at inclusion antialiasinga as in the latter case greater time is spent for expectation of the termination of operations blendinga smallest notebook laptop and records in freymbufer even more strongly. And on the contrary, loading piksel'ny'h blocks increases in modes with the switched off hardware support of cards of shadows and at the lowest sanction of cards of shadows, in the latter case that the waiting time of operations ROP decreases a little.
Values of the counter of quantity of the ranges calculated in the staff differ not too strongly, in a small difference the error of measurement and calculation of average values is guilty. Triangles pays off osch'utimo less only in a mode without calculation blikovoy a component, and it is more - in mode SM 1. where a lot of passes of rendering is spent for construction of a stage. And, the number increases almost twice.
Values of counters of used local and system videomemory this time for convenience are incorporated in smallest notebook laptop a single whole. In a mode without HDR value is predicted decreases (a format freymbufera varies with FP on usual 8-bitny'y integer), and in a mode with mul'tise`mplingom - raises. The others change also are clear: in SM 1. it is used less effects and it is disconnected HDR, the mode of the low sanction of cards of shadows influences reduction of requirements to videomemory, and switching-off of hardware support of cards of shadows leads to use more zatratny'h formats for them.
Value shader_waits_for_texture most strongly decreases at switching-off HDR of rendering, and also in modes with disconnected trilineynoy and anisotropic filtrations which smallest notebook laptop we this time have not included in the table. It speaks that in such modes additional textural samples or more zatratny'e samples from FP buffers are required. Also changes of values of the counter in cases with included mul'tise`mplingom, the disconnected soft shadows, and the low sanction of cards of shadows are appreciable. The waiting time of data recording in freymbufer (shader_waits_for_rop) strongly increases in a mode with included antialiasingom as mul'tise`mpling increases work for blocks ROP, the quantity of written down samples increases. Value of this counter is influenced strongly also with use of cards of shadows of the low sanction when the number of the written down shadows given in cards decreases in times. Some influence is rendered also with other adjustments: Switching-off of algorithm of mitigation of shadows, calculation smallest notebook laptop blikovoy a component, etc.
The first news about the next continuation of serial Splinter Cell have appeared still when some slow players still passed Splinter Cell: Pandora Tomorrow. In the middle of May, 20 there was an official announcement and the first screenshots from Splinter Cell 3, the present name for that moment yet not had. Development of game has been transferred to the Montreal branch of the company that has given hope for the best realization, in comparison with Pandora Tomorrow which did in Shanghai and Paris. For our review the most interesting fact is that official press release Ubisoft has promised technological to the schedule and seriously improved cursor. And, it has been specially noted, that development of game was conducted in view of opportunities of the personal computer, first of all.
That is, by development of the third game of a series, founders had not to consider smallest notebook laptop many restrictions of the previous generation of consoles: Microsoft Xbox and Sony PlayStation 2. The first screenshots have shown, that and has occured, the personal computer the version was obviously allocated technologically, in comparison with the previous game of a serial:
On the very first screenshots of game the basic surfaces, soft shadows and one of the improved postfilters - Bloom are appreciable popiksel'noe illumination, imposing of cards of normals on all. It not speaking about obvious better models Se`ma and its enemies.
Later, in the middle of summer of same year Ubisoft has opened also the name of the third project of a series, named game Tom Clancy's Splinter Cell: Chaos Theory. It became known and about release of game including on Xbox. Then have been designated and prospective terms of smallest notebook laptop release - the end of 2004, to be exact - on November, 26th, 2004. Simultaneously with news there were also new screenshots of the project:
On them quite good geometrical detailed elaboration of models of people, application on them of qualitative cards of normals is is even better visible, soft shadows and the improved postfiltration also proved to be true. But screenshots nevertheless differed from each other, on the some people there were shadows and the postfilters completely corresponding applied in Pandora Tomorrow, and on others in addition softened shadows and better postprocessing were obviously traced.
Hardly who thought, that Ubisoft will sustain terms and will let out Chaos Theory in time... And here, in the end of September the company has confirmed carry of date of release of the personal computer and Xbox versions of game smallest notebook laptop Splinter Cell: Chaos Theory for March, 2005. Well and almost under the newest year, Ubisoft has updated a site of serial Splinter Cell, having transformed it in the general portal, devoted to all games of a series. Naturally, new rollers and screenshots has not managed, and screenshots of 20 already did not differ almost on 3D to technologies of that we have seen in release on the personal computer.
As you can see, wet surfaces were gave Ubisoft especially well, in fact at popiksel'nom calculation of illumination overestimated blikovoy (specular) by a component in such cases the place. On screenshots it is visible, that normalmapping it is applied in general everywhere, but on models of people it is swept smallest notebook laptop especially up (see the second screenshot).
As game uses known game cursor Unreal Engine, it is necessary to tell in brief and about it. Cursor Unreal Engine is developed in Epic Games and is very widely known. For the first time having seemed on public in a legendary shooter from first person Unreal in 1998, in the further it became a basis for a plenty of games, including such hits, as Unreal Tournament and Rune. Though it intended first of all for shooters with a kind from the first person, it successfully applied and at creation of games of other genres, for example, in e`kshn-RPG Deus Ex, MMORPG Vanguard: Saga of Heroes and, certainly, in ste`ls-shuterah from the third party from series Splinter Cell.
Unreal Engine smallest notebook laptop differs from other cursors successful portirovaniem on other platforms: the personal computer (Windows/Linux), Apple Macintosh (Mac OS, Mac OS X), game consoles (Xbox, Xbox 360, PlayStation 2, PlayStation 3, GameCube). The basic code of a cursor is written on C ++, and the most part of a game code - on UnrealScript, own skriptovom language. But the most important feature Unreal Engine, in comparison with other means of multiplatform development, always were very convenient utilities for creation and updatings of a content that is rather important at creation of games, for simplification of work of designers and artists.
The first version of a cursor has been publicly shown in 19 then all was seen with its opportunities: support qualitative hardware (Glide, smallest notebook laptop S Metal, PowerVR SGL, Direct3D and OpenGL) and program rendering, processing of collisions of objects, the excellent code AI, quite good network opportunities and file management. From graphic features interesting us in a cursor there was a support 32-bitny'h structures in the size up to 512x5 pixels, 32-bitnogo dynamic illumination by means of laytmapov, expanded support BSP/PVS and portals, structures of detailed elaboration (detail textures), animated procedural structures (recollect water in Unreal), multitexturing, volumetric illumination, powerful enough for that time of system of particles. In general, Unreal Engine possessed very powerful opportunities and convenient utilities for developers, therefore it is no wonder its application in set of games of the different companies.
Second version Unreal Engine has begun the life in smallest notebook laptop Unreal Tournament 2003, in the second generation the basic code and a code of rendering has been completely copied, there was a base support topmost and piksel'ny'h sheyderov. Other innovations were the third version of editor UnrealEd, opportunities physical SDK Karma. Also it is necessary to note the appeared support of consoles PlayStation and Xbox.
Before a few to tell about third version Unreal Engine, we shall stop on the intermediate version - 2.5. It is improved version Unreal Engine with optimizaciyami and changes in the rendering, the copied parts of the basic code, support 64-bitny'h versions Windows and Linux, the improved set of utilities, including UnrealEd. One more feature became that for Xbox smallest notebook laptop the specialized version of the cursor which used in game Unreal Championship for this platform and has received name Unreal Engine 2X has been let out.
Third generation Unreal Engine was written specially under opportunities of the personal computer of videochips with support DirectX 9, and also two basic consoles of new generation: Xbox 3 and PlayStation 3. In this version the part which is responsible for rendering is once again copied, there was a support of the advanced opportunities, such, as popiksel'noe illumination, active application of cards of normals and parallax mapping, support HDR of rendering with use of formats of the buffer from a floating comma, and also dynamic cards of shadows which earlier were unless in specialized versions 2.x for Splinter Cell. Certainly, there were also some other changes: smallest notebook laptop support of physics Karma is replaced known PhysX API from Ageia or Havok with a choice of the developer. From other innovations we shall note technology FaceFX for obverse animation, and also an opportunity of use SpeedTree for fast modelling and visualization of every possible vegetation (however, it was accessible and to the previous versions).
Brothers In Arms: Road to Hill - Gearbox (2005)
As you can see, games of different genres, between the earliest Unreal and are listed to the latest (meanwhile) Splinter Cell: Double Agent has passed years, and the cursor continues and continues to be applied in a plenty of games. Third version Unreal Engine does not change tradition and will be used even more smallest notebook laptop widely (more precisely, it is already used) for creation of games for the personal computer and prefixes of new generation: Xbox 3 and PlayStation 3. As the cursor simplifies creation of multiplatform games, than and their developers will try to take advantage.
Later screenshots Chaos Theory have shown all to feature of new updating of a cursor even more in detail, on them also were visible popiksel'noe illumination, use of qualitative cards of normals, dynamic cards of shadows for all geometry of a level, and also parallaksmapping and the advanced postprocessing (on the latest screenshots). In 20 the technological level schedules did not change any more, the screenshots laid out up to release showed a level of a picture of the final version.
Technological level schedules in Splinter smallest notebook laptop Cell: Chaos Theory at the moment of its output was very high. It is possible to tell, that spring of 20 it was the most technological 3D game on the personal computer. From the most important features of game and innovations in comparison with the previous games of a series it is possible to note HDR rendering, algorithm of mitigation of borders of shadows, use of cards of normals and parallaksmapping, and also the updated effects of postprocessing.
In Chaos Theory is both closed (indoor), and opened (outdoor) spaces. Game passes in premises and on the open locations of not too big size, is artificial limited on edges various barrier. Examples of such spaces are presented on screenshots:
In Chaos Theory imposing cards of normals is applied to smallest notebook laptop all surfaces, for each of them is used several textural layers. The sanction of the majority of structures sufficient, but in some cases nevertheless would be desirable greater detailed elaboration, especially considering the weakest use of resources of videomemory of modern videoadapters on the personal computer (from accessible 128-2 Mb of memory half - unless it normally is used only?). But nevertheless, more often the sanction of cards of normals and other structures is enough, and because of normalmappinga models and levels are sated by fine details.
But the most authentic piksel'ny'mi effects we are indulged with those surfaces for which it is used parallax mapping. In Chaos Theory it is a lot of such surfaces, the technics simple parallax mapping is applied to a plenty of surfaces and is in most cases very competent:
On pictures cases of the smallest notebook laptop most obvious application of technics are shown, in game there are also places where it is appreciable not at once. Certainly, there are also such surfaces to which parallaksmapping it is not applied, but quite could, in my opinion. But in game not too it is a lot of such surfaces.
The estimation of geometrical detailed elaboration in game needs to be divided on two parts - models of people and levels. The last have, in my opinion, patent defect of geometry that the detailed objects at levels of game are expressed in a plenty simple and not enough. And here for characters complex enough models, in view of application of cards of normals and time of an output of game are used.
We can positively note smallest notebook laptop models of the protagonist and other people though they also could add details, especially on a head and finitenesses. Well and the spoon of tar detailed elaboration of levels here acts. Look at the first screenshot, are visible though also a little bit angular models, but quite worthy beginnings of 2005, and here the fixture on a background obviously contrasts even with them. Or and a frame of a bicycle on the second screenshot - is better they it in general there would not put a wheel. As punishment personally I would force developers to go for a drive on such bicycle on mountain lines, all over again upwards, and then downwards.
Models as it is usual, the kind from close distance when cards of normals already poorly help spoils only and angular edges are visible. Considering figures of average quantity of ranges on the staff calculated in the smallest notebook laptop first part of clause, I think, that developers should make more complex models for owners of powerful personal computers.
Shadows in game pay off from many sources of illumination, but is usual from one simultaneously so the design of levels is made. But for all geometry in a stage and with samozateneniem. As it is above written, cards of shadows, including equipment rooms which were applied in games of a series from the very beginning are used. Innovation Chaos Theory became algorithm of mitigation of shadows by means of piksel'ny'h sheyderov versions 3. (just one of the most complex sheyderov in game). As game on a genre - ste`ls-e`kshn, in it the especial attention, game at times even unduly dark is paid to shadows.
As smallest notebook laptop a result very decently looking soft shadows, as you can see, have turned out. Their softness, however, has no anything the general with realistic calculation of penumbras, simply shadows is banal are washed away by special algorithm. But they are rejected from all objects on all.
As in game is and the open spaces, has not done without visualization of water tables of the different sizes and kinds. Algorithms are applied various, water tables look pretty well though and strongly concede to the best samples:
Waves, naturally, are popiksel'ny'm effect, and no realistic and dynamic reflections in water are present. In the first case the static card of reflections and water is applied is opaque, in the second - reflections are absent, but water transparent and without effect of refraction. Water smallest notebook laptop not bad though its technological level is very weak as a maximum - the water level from 3DMark 20 looks.
Also in game special effects on the basis of systems of particles are applied. They meet not so often, but pleasantly supplement the visual party. Game simply not that genre that there were many explosions and a smoke...
Traditionally, separate attention we give effects of postprocessing. Especially in case of the representative of serial Splinter Cell where these effects have appeared very much for a long time. In game many of habitual filters are applied: bloom - the filter increasing brightness of light sites of the image; distortion - effect of distortion of the image; blur - polnoe`krannoe degradation of a picture; smallest notebook laptop motion blur - effect of degradation in movement, at influence light a pomegranate; and also some other postfilters and their combinations: correction of color (desaturation, etc.), overwhelming or changing colors of a final picture, piksel'ny'y, etc. the Basic posteffects it is possible to see noise on screenshots:
In game many the open and closed spaces with different conditions of illumination, a location with bright light sources and their almost full absence, therefore the opportunity of inclusion HDR of rendering and connected with it tone mapping is rather useful. Fortunately, HDR rendering in game have made, and have made the first (high-grade rendering in 16-bitny'y a format of the buffer with a floating point means). The opportunity was useful as for improvement of quality smallest notebook laptop of a postfiltration, and imitation of effect of adaptation of human sight to change of conditions of illumination. For HDR rendering it is used 16-bitny'y a format of the buffer with a floating point, and on the videocards, not supporting this opportunity, it is necessary to be content usual LDR with rendering which looks places noticeably worse.
Let's separately illustrate work tone mapping, to be exact - effect of adaptation to change of conditions of illumination. The first picture shows a situation right after turn of the chamber from a dark corner to bright light sources, and the second - the same stage in a second after change of a corner of the review. On screenshots it is well visible, as brightness in due course changes:
In general, it is possible to tell, that adaptability to manufacture schedules in game till now is at the advanced level. The smallest notebook laptop major distinctive features of game are: dynamic soft shadows from all basic light sources and all geometry, popiksel'noe illumination, imposing of cards of normals, wide application of technics parallax mapping (simple algorithm without trace of beams), the sufficient sanction of the majority of structures, various effects of postprocessing, and also HDR rendering and tone mapping.
From negative it is possible to note the small size of levels in game, absence of the greater open spaces, insufficient geometrical detailed elaboration of levels of game and some of models, and also weak use of opportunities of modern videocards on volume of local videomemory.
Splinter Cell: Chaos Theory to modern measures it is not so exacting to capacity of a videocard, in comparison with other later games (by the way, continuation of serial Double Agent is planned smallest notebook laptop to fast consideration). Though game is technologically enough complex and uses many opportunities of modern videocards, smooth work on the maximal adjustments is provided even on videocards of an average level, such as ATI RADEON X18 GTO, NVIDIA GeForce 76 GT and GeForce 68 GT. Such videocards provide in game average FPS from 45- the staff in a second and more in the sanction 1024x7 on the maximal adjustments with included by an anisotropic filtration and antialiasingom or HDR rendering. Since these models and on all more powerful it is possible to expose adjustments for a maximum, and for videocards of lower level for achievement of balance between frequency of change of the staff and quality of a picture, it will be necessary to spend some time for search of optimum values of graphic adjustments.
If the necessary frequency smallest notebook laptop of the staff which can be estimated approximately visually, on smoothness of game, is not reached, or it seems, that game has exposed too low adjustments of quality, it is necessary to check up average frequency of the staff all over again. Cursor Unreal allows to test productivity, using the written down demos, and authors Chaos Theory have written down a special demo for tests, them benchmark is started by means of a command file "Timedemo.bat", located in subdirectory "System" games. After the termination of the test results enter the name in a text format in a file "TimeDemoResult.xls". For convenience there are written down not only values of average frequency of the staff, but also minimal and maximal FPS. Average smallest notebook laptop frequency of the staff should be not less than 40- FPS, and it is even better FPS, and minimal - it is not less 25- FPS. If average FPS is more 50-60, possible to try to improve quality of a picture, having changed adjustments in greater party and if it is less it is better to lower them. Repeating experiments, it is necessary to try to receive a variant comprehensible personally to you, not forgetting, that levels in game different and not equivalent from the point of view of loading on a videocard.
In the review we shall consider influence of graphic adjustments of game from two parties, accepting for smallest notebook laptop a reference point the maximal and minimal adjustments in the sanction 1024x7 and 640x480, accordingly. At the minimal adjustments of quality we shall define negative influence of the adjustment included on the maximal value, and at maximal - on the contrary, addition the staff in a second from each installation unscrewed on a minimum. It will allow to estimate more full influence of each adjustment on the general productivity, and it will be useful as for users with insufficiently powerful systems, wishing to receive high quality, and for those who wishes to learn, what adjustments can be lowered first of all.
Game offers enough of adjustments of quality of rendering which require the detailed description. Graphic adjustments are located in the menu smallest notebook laptop of game «Settings-Display». On the basic screen only base adjustments are given: the sanction of rendering, adjustment of brightness and contrast.
Brightness (numerical value from up to 100) and Contrast (numerical value from up to 100) are usual adjustments of brightness and the picture contrast, influencing only on a picture, but not on productivity.
Display Resolution (640x480, 800x600, 1024x768, 1088x612, 1280x720, 1280x768, 1280x800, 1280x960, 1280x1024, 1600x900, 1600x1200, 1920x1080, 1920x1200, 1920x1440, 2048x1536) - adjustment of the game sanction. The list of sanctions in version 1. wide enough, almost all really necessary sanctions in it is, there is and the most demanded for LCD monitors a sanction 1280x1024. If the sanction necessary to you is not present in the menu, it is possible to take advantage of the user smallest notebook laptop installation, about it is written in the end of clause.
The choice of the sanction in game strongly enough influences productivity, the difference between sanctions 640x4 and 1024x7 on test system with established videocard GeForce 78 GTX has made % for the maximal adjustments and % - for minimal, and between 1024x7 and 1600x12 - % on a maximum and % on the minimal adjustments. Average frequency of the staff in 1600x12 almost twice below, than in 1024x768, therefore on this parameter it is necessary to pay special attention, game is extremely exacting to effective speed of filling (fillreytu), depending from working frequency of the videochip and quantity of blocks ROP, and also throughput of the memory in turn depending on frequency and width of the trunk.
But the main adjustments of quality of rendering are located on additional page of videoadjustments - "Advanced". They also need to be adjusted for reception smallest notebook laptop of an optimum combination of quality and productivity. It is necessary to change these adjustments so that to reach average frequency of the staff even more than FPS. Key parameters of game to which it is necessary to pay attention: « Display Resolution », « Shader Model Type », «Antialiasing», « Anisotropic Filtering », « Shadow Resolution », « Specular Lighting » and « HDR Rendering ». We shall consider all available adjustments more in detail.
Shader Model Type (Shader Model 1.1/Shader Model 3.0) - this adjustment allows to choose the version used 3D a cursor of game piksel'ny'h and topmost sheyderov. At the moment of release the choice only from two possible variants - 1. or 3. was accessible, that has been negatively apprehended by owners of videocards on the basis of chips ATI R [V] smallest notebook laptop 3x and ATI R [V] 4x0, and later for them have made support sheydernoy models of version 2.0, having included this opportunity in the subsequent patches.
As a matter of fact, the difference between modes consists that in SM 3. mode it is possible to include HDR rendering and connected with it tone mapping, also sheyderami the third version is done parallax mapping and algorithm of mitigation of shadows. But business is not limited to it, as you could see from the table in the beginning of clause, in SM 1. mode a lot of triangles, in comparison with 3. so, a lot of passes of rendering for calculation of illumination is used is processed.
The visual difference between modes can be estimated on the enclosed pictures. Naturally, in SM 3. mode everything has smallest notebook laptop been included, that is accessible in a submenu " Shader Options " which becomes accessible only for 3. modes, and speech about which will go further. As you can see, the difference between modes consists in other illumination (rendering, but also greater accuracy of calculations is guilty not only HDR, for example) and in a different degree of softness of borders of shadows. On a screenshot it is not visible parallax mapping in SM 3. mode, but we shall consider it in the further.
The choice of a mode of rendering in the most direct image affects productivity of game. On test smallest notebook laptop videocard NVIDIA GeForce 78 GTX the difference between two accessible versions in release sheydernoy models has made % for the sanction 1024x7 and the maximal adjustments and % - for minimal. It is necessary to consider, that the given videocard for game is enough fast, on less high-speed payments difference in different modes will be much more appreciable. So for low-end cards it is possible to include SM 1. and not too to lose as much. On the other hand, for the majority of modern videocards it is possible to advise choice SM 3. as giving much more pleasant picture, with smallest notebook laptop one exception - for videocards NVIDIA up to GeForce 88 simultaneous use antialiasinga and HDR rendering is impossible also a choice between them it is necessary to do to the user, proceeding from the preferences.
Antialiasing (Disabled/2x/4x) - this parameter adjusts a level antialiasinga, it is inaccessible in the event that in the previous item the mode " Shader Model 3.0" is established and in additional adjustments " Shader Options " is included HDR rendering. As it is usual, in game inclusion of all levels supported by a videocard mul'tise`mplinga is accessible, on a test videocard the choice is limited by modes with and samples.
On productivity in game antialiasing renders strong enough influence, on test system a difference between modes with smallest notebook laptop the maximal adjustments, disconnected HDR and antialiasingom and the maximal adjustments with mul'tise`mplingom a level 4x has made about %. And here with the minimal adjustments inclusion antialiasinga has not affected productivity in general. So it is necessary to select value under own system, there are cases when mul'tise`mpling it is almost free-of-charge, and there are cases where its inclusion causes appreciable falling speed, especially on low-end videocards. Well and, as it was spoken above, it is necessary to choose between HDR rendering and antialiasingom on videocards NVIDIA GeForce of series.
Anisotropic Filtering (Disabled/Anisotropic 2x/4x/8x/16x) - adjustment operates inclusion of an anisotropic filtration for structures of game. There is a choice between switching-off of an anisotropic filtration and smallest notebook laptop its all degrees of quality of which the videocard is capable. In our case game gives a choice from 2x up to 16x. And though everyone know, how the anisotropic filtration influences quality of a picture, I shall dare to remind of it on an example of considered game:
This kind of a filtration considerably raises clearness of structures that is well visible on pictures, even in view of that for removal of screenshots the videocard with known problem corners for quality of an anisotropic filtration was used. Inclusion anizotropki affects speed of game not too strongly, for the minimal adjustments its influence has appeared less than %, and switching-off of an anisotropic filtration in a mode of the maximal adjustments has raised productivity on %. I consider, that such small increase smallest notebook laptop in productivity is not necessary to disconnect a mode 16x, strongly losing as. Unless if on your system anizotropka causes the big falling productivity, not such scanty, as on our test.
Shadow Resolution (Low/Medium/High) - this configuration parameter serves for the task of the sanction of cards of the shadows used for rendering of all dynamic shadows in game. It can seriously affect quality of shadows, at the small sanction appear so hated to us zubcy' at edges of shadows, for disposal from which the special mode of qualitative soft shadows working on modern videocards with support piksel'ny'h sheyderov of version 3. which is considered in a following part of clause also is made.
It is necessary to note, that just in a mode of soft shadows (see pictures) a difference even between extreme values of the given adjustment not too razlichima as smallest notebook laptop in this case borders of shadows are washed away on special algorithm. And here in a usual mode it is possible to see more serious difference.
The parameter influences productivity of game not so strongly, on our test system, at least. Local memory suffices a videocard in all cases, and the stock on sample of structures and operations ROP in a mode of the maximal adjustments remains. The difference in the sanction 1024x7 with the maximal adjustments has made % for extreme modes: "Low" and "High". With the minimal adjustments of a difference and at all is not present any so optimum smallest notebook laptop value for modern videocards will be "High", and already for less high-speed variants are possible.
Trilinear Filtering (Off/On) - one more adjustment of quality of a textural filtration, this time - including trilineynuyu a filtration of structures (that which "smooths" borders mip-urovney and which so our favourite manufacturers of videochips persistently optimize). On pictures in game to show a difference difficultly, it too dark.
Strangely enough, trilineyka influences productivity Chaos Theory almost in the same measure, as anizotropka. On our videocard NVIDIA so it has turned out, at least. For the maximal adjustments in the sanction 1024x7 its influence has appeared equal %, and for smallest notebook laptop minimal - %. So, despite of impassable darkness in game, I advise nevertheless to hold trilineynuyu a filtration always included, especially on enough productive systems. You simply will not feel % of a difference, and here borders mip-urovney in dynamics to notice it is possible.
Specular Lighting (Off/On) - the parameter is responsible for inclusion and deenergizing of calculation blikovoy a component in game. The simplified theory about calculation specular a component can be esteemed in a corresponding theoretical material but if it is short - that this one of the basic components of illumination whom have started to consider not so long ago and which gives to realness to a picture. Can smallest notebook laptop be convinced of it on the enclosed comparative screenshots:
As you can see, blikovaya the component of light gives a lot of the additional information at construction of a stage. Still developers of games not too took a great interest in overestimate of values specular which do a picture unduly shining and not absolutely realistic, it would be even better. Inclusion of calculation specular affects value of average FPS seriously enough, for the minimal adjustments the difference has turned out % (surrenders to me, that because of additional pass of rendering), and for maximal - all of %. So for owners of weak systems there is a quite good opportunity to raise productivity what to play such mode it is quite possible without smallest notebook laptop special losses.
High Quality Textures (Off/On) - the given adjustment of game includes a special set of base structures of the raised sanction. In game it is used two sets of structures: usual and qualitative. Adjustment forces game to use the second. Clear business, that on quality of a picture it renders rather beneficial influence, in fact the sanction of many structures increases twice, by the enclosed screenshots:
Considering small loading for videomemory which to modern measures is given with game, I advise all to include " High Quality Textures " in any case. The difference in productivity between values Off and On confirms it, even smallest notebook laptop at the maximal adjustments and included HDR rendering it has turned out % equal only, and at minimal any difference it is not revealed in general. Perhaps, certainly, that on budgetary videocards inclusion of the low sanction of structures will help to lift considerably productivity but only if on a videocard it is established less than 1 Mb of videomemory and-or it very weak (GeForce FX 52 or something like that).
Vertical Sync (Off/On) - adjustment disconnects and includes vertical synchronization. At inclusion VSync the maximal frequency of the staff is limited to frequency of updating of the screen. For example, if frequency of updating makes Hz, and adjustment is included, the greatest possible quantity of the smallest notebook laptop staff in a second will be equal FPS. In some cases inclusion VSync helps to get rid of artefacts of a picture taken to pieces ("tearing"), and it is useful to the maximal quality, but as adjustment limits productivity, we recommend it to disconnect, if it does not lead to appreciable problems. Is better will adjust game so that frequency of the staff (FPS) changed within the limits of from FPS up to FPS.
Hardware Shadow Mapping (Off/On) - the parameter operates use of hardware support of special textural formats for cards of shadows which is available in many modern videocards. In its switching-off I do not see any sense, as quality of rendering does not vary at all, the volume of used videomemory and productivity received as a result changes only. Naturally, in the negative party.
On test system with established videocard GeForce 78 GTX a difference between it smallest notebook laptop is hardware the accelerated cards of shadows and usual universal algorithm has made 5- % that is obvious more than a possible error so, adjustment " Hardware Shadow Mapping " always needs to be held included if it does not give any problems with quality.
Some more adjustments of quality are accessible to mode Shader Model 3.0, the additional menu with them is caused by pressing the button " Shader Options ". We shall consider these four additional adjustments which strongly influence quality and productivity of game.
HDR Rendering (Off/On) - the name of adjustment speaks for itself, this inclusion HDR smallest notebook laptop of rendering - a special mode when rendering is made in the buffer 16-bitnogo a format from a floating comma. Game became the first among let out on the personal computer which supported high-grade HDR rendering and already for one it is it costs pohvalit'. The difference as a picture strongly depends on a level in game, but HDR rendering almost always obviously wins at LDR rendering as. One of examples of application is specified on a picture, can estimate all:
Apparently, at HDR rendering the difference between brightness of the most shined surfaces and much is more than most dark, than in a usual mode. So even in the first game with opportunity HDR of rendering the sense in its inclusion is. Naturally, inclusion HDR by the most serious image affects productivity. So, smallest notebook laptop on our test system inclusion HDR in comparison with the same maximal adjustments, but a usual format freymbufera, has lowered productivity more than on %. Same inclusion HDR of rendering in a mode with the minimal adjustments influences less - 4- %. Well also it is not necessary to forget, that on some videocards its teamwork with antialiasingom is impossible basically.
Tone Mapping (Off/On) - this parameter is indissolubly connected with previous, in fact tone mapping in game is impossible without inclusion HDR of rendering in 16-bitny'y the buffer of the staff. More in detail about tone mapping it is written in clause with terms, well and in the given concrete case this parameter is responsible for inclusion of emulation of such property of human sight, as adaptation to changing smallest notebook laptop conditions of illumination more likely. The example already was resulted above, this gradual change of brightness of a stage at change of a direction of the chamber which just and is caused by work of the operator tone mapping, dynamically changing corresponding parameters.
Parallax Mapping (Off/On) - this adjustment is responsible for inclusion of simple technics parallax mapping which for the first time has been used in game Splinter Cell: Chaos Theory. In game considered today we for the first time have seen, that gives parallax mapping not in synthetic stages, and in real game conditions. This technics seriously increases realness of a stage small blood, not influencing almost by productivity, but increasing rel'efnost' the fine details set by cards of heights.
On the right screenshot trunks of a bamboo have volume, and on left seem flat, and cards of normals do not help them. In dynamics influence smallest notebook laptop parallaksmappinga is even more appreciable, it would seem flat surfaces receive volume that simplifies work to a videocard, substituting necessity of addition geometrical given popiksel'noy work. And, the technics does not affect productivity almost, in fact in piksel'ny'y sheyder the pair additional commands is added. In our case at the maximal adjustments the difference between values Off and On has made 3- %, at minimal has not exceeded a threshold of an error of testing. Not clearly, why the technics till now is not applied in the majority of games? And in fact there are also even more powerful realizations...
High Quality Soft Shadows (Off/On) - the parameter including special SM 3. algorithm for mitigation of shadows, shadows received by means of cards (shadow maps). In this mode of a card of shadows before a conclusion are filtered, it is necessary smallest notebook laptop for reception of soft borders of shadows. You can observe action of algorithm on the enclosed screenshots:
On the second screenshot of border of shadows smoothed, soft, without zubchatosti and not such sharp. It improves a picture, but, on the other hand, algorithm does not consider intensity of light sources and distances from object up to a shadow and from a source up to object, and their sizes though is concerning inexpensive approximation of calculation of penumbras.
Deenergizing of algorithm of mitigation of shadows affects productivity of test system approximately also, as well as parallaksmapping from the previous item. So, in a mode of the maximal adjustments switching-off of soft shadows has given 3- % a gain of productivity, and its inclusion in a mode of the minimal adjustments has not affected in smallest notebook laptop any way received frequency of the staff. The question of necessity of mitigation of shadows remains the private affair of each user if soft shadows like also their inclusion not strongly affects productivity (as on ours GeForce 78 GTX), they can be included.
In section of productivity it is necessary to note, that on test system in the sanction 1024x7 with included HDR rendering (and disconnected antialiasingom which is not supported by a videocard for FP freymbufera) and an anisotropic filtration 16x, and also other maximal adjustments of quality 3D rendering the average quantity of the staff in a second on all game turns out nearby 70- FPS whereas the minimal value does not fall below 35. These are rather comfortable conditions for game.
Game Splinter Cell: Chaos Theory it is based on cursor Unreal smallest notebook laptop Engine, therefore some of opportunities on adjustment of games for this cursor can approach and to it. But the majority of adjustments are unique for this game, and some habitual commands UE do not work in considered game. Chaos Theory uses a configuration file SplinterCell3.ini, located in \Documents and Settings\All Users\Application Data\Ubisoft\Tom Clancy's Splinter Cell Chaos Theory
Besides parameters, which correspond to graphic adjustments from the menu of game (ShadowQuality, ShaderModel, Anisotropy, AntiAliasing, Trilinear, Specular, ParallaxMapping, HQSoftShadows, HDR, HiResTextures, ToneMapping) in section [WinDrv. WindowsClient] some more useful commands are accessible:
FullscreenViewportX (value in pixels) and FullscreenViewportY (value in pixels) - the parameters setting the sanction smallest notebook laptop used by game of rendering. In case of absence of the sanction necessary for you in adjustments of game, it is possible to try to set the necessary width and height by means of these commands.
TextureDetail (Low/Medium/High) and SkinDetail (Low/Medium/High) - the adjustments which are responsible for quality of structures which serve as addition to the adjustment specified above " High Quality Textures ", accessible game from the menu, and in addition reduce the sanction of structures. They will be useful unless to the weakest cards as even at installations in High a lot of videomemory are used not too, even Mb of local memory of videocards can be quite enough.
Both adjustments exposed in value "Low", give a gain of productivity in % on our test system. This small gain can be not superfluous for owners of the slowest videocards.
UseTripleBuffering (False/True) - the configuration parameter which is responsible for smallest notebook laptop use renderom of threefold buffering. It is useful to achievement of smooth rendering. Though threefold buffering also increases use of videomemory, considering indiscriminateness Chaos Theory to this characteristic of videocards, threefold buffering to include it is quite possible.
UseHWShadowMapping (False/True) - the adjustment including use it is hardware the accelerated cards of shadows. It is similar to corresponding configuration parameter from the menu of graphic adjustments of game.
Other discussions in conference:
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